A Greek philosopher presented his belief that the world was round about 600 B.C., but of course it was proven by Ferdinand Magellan when he circumnavigated the globe in 1522 A.D. Skeptics thought he fell off the face of the earth but then he showed up around two years later coming from the opposite direction, so he proved his point. Map printers had a field day when Magellan got back.
Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish astronomer and mathematician, figured out that the Earth revolved around the sun in 1473.
Mercury was discovered around 3,000 B.C. by Sumerians. Mars was discovered around 1750 B.C. by ancient Egyptian astronomers. The famous Galileo and some other astronomers identified the plant Jupiter in 1610. In 1655 Saturn was discovered. Uranus was discovered in 1781. Neptune was discovered in 1846. Pluto was discovered in 1930. It wasn't until 1608 A.D. that astronomers were able to use telescopes to see the planets more clearly. Until then it was the naked eye and monitoring movement.
The above is for fellow Trekkies. Let us boldly go where no person has gone before. 😁